Discarded expanded polystyrene (EPS) poses significant environmental challenges due to its accumulation in landfills and resistance to degradation. Upcycling EPS into 3D-printable recycled polystyrene (rPS) filament for use in fused filament fabrication (FFF) shows a promising sustainable solution. This study explores the mechanical recycling of EPS into rPS resin, which is then extruded into...
The development of cost-effective, scalable, and efficient photovoltaic technology is essential to the improvement of global energy sustainability. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), have emerged as a competitive alternative to traditional single-junction silicon-based solar cells due to their high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) and solution-processable active materials. However, standard...
Atherosclerosis continues to be a primary contributor to cardiovascular disease, mostly caused by the internalisation of oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and the ensuing development of foam cells. This work introduces bamboo charcoal (BC) as a biocarbon that mitigates atherogenesis through a dual-action mechanism: the physicochemical adsorption of oxLDL components and the competitive...
Abstract:
In this study, a hybrid composite material was synthesized using waste tire (WT) rubber based activated carbon (WTAC) with functionalized graphene nanoplates (FGNPs). The precursor WT was activated using two steps of physical activation under nitrogen flow (N2) to ensure inert atmosphere. Prior to integration with WTAC, Graphene Nanoflakes (GNPs) were refluxed with KOH and further...
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of bending radius on signal attenuation in single-mode and multimode optical fibers to support the future development of microRNA (miRNA) biosensors for Crocodylus porosus detection in Sarawak. Experiments were conducted at 1310 nm, 1490 nm, and 1550 nm wavelengths with bending radii from 0.5 cm to 2.0 cm. Single-mode fibers showed high bending...
This study explores the catalytic role of iron (III) nitrate [Fe(NO₃)₃] in the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) derived from graphite produced using oil palm kernel shell (OPKS) biomass. OPKS was impregnated with Fe(NO₃)₃ solutions of varying concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 30 wt.%), corresponding to samples G₀, G₁₀, G₂₀, and G₃₀, respectively, and subsequently subjected to pyrolysis...
The experimental study investigates the stability, thermophysical, and tribological characteristics of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and hybrid CNC-Al2O3 nanolubricants as additives in SAE 40 engine oil. Stability assessments were conducted through sedimentation observation, UV-visible spectroscopy, and zeta potential analysis at various concentrations (0.01% to 0.05%)...
This study presents a green synthesis approach for fabricating tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO₂ NPs) using Morinda citrifolia leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent. The influence of varying extract concentrations (ratios 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7 and 1:10) on the structural, optical and compositional properties of SnO₂ NPs was systematically investigated. Characterization was performed using...
In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized from bamboo-derived graphite using Iron (III) nitrate as a catalyst. Bamboo (Gigantochloa albociliata) sourced from Perlis, Malaysia, was selected as a renewable and sustainable biomass precursor. Pyrolysis was carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere at 800°C with a heating rate of 10°C/min and a soaking time of 3 hours. The resulting...
Advances in optical sensor technologies have been substantial in recent years, especially in the detection of biomolecules like Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), driven by the need for more sensitive and precise diagnostic tools. The detection of BSA plays a critical role, particularly in the early diagnostic tools for chronic kidney disease. This work aims to investigate the performance of three...
Diabetes is a major global health issue, with approximately 537 million adults affected in
2021—a figure projected to reach 783 million by 2045. Early diagnosis and continuous
monitoring are essential for effective management. However, current tools such as glucometers
and sensor patches are either invasive or minimally invasive, causing discomfort, especially in
children and the...
This study evaluates the peformances of an energy harvester prototype. The fabricated energy harvester comprises of a PDMS-based mechanical membrane and an electromagnetic component, designed to convert vibrational energy into low power electricity. The prototype was tested on three distinct vibrating machines: a Dynamic Rotor Machine, a motorcycle engine, and a Boeing 737-600 aircraft...
Single step semi-carbonization was carried out in a fixed bed reactor at different temperature under nitrogen (N2) gas flow using rambutan leaves (RL) as starting precursors. The semi-carbonized char (RLWC) was impregnated using KOH at different ratio using Plackett-Burman Design (PBD). RLWC was activated by changing the conditions of activation temperature, ramping of temperature, time, gas...
The increasing demand for renewable energy sources has high-lighted the importance of optimizing photovoltaic cell technologies. Hetero-junction (HJT) silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells are recognized for their high efficiency, but the challenges remain in maximizing their performance through structural optimization. The efficiency of HJT cells is often hindered by issues related to charge...
ABSTRACT
An InGaAs/AlAs resonant tunneling diode (RTD) with highly strained quantum well grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at a low temperature of 430°C exhibited an extremely low peak voltage (VP) of ~0.23 V (0.41 V) in forward (reverse) direction at room temperature. The atomic-layer precision of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) in growth control resulted in a very low peak voltage and...
Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is important in biomedical engineering, enabling thorough analysis of physiological signals. Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are preferred in biomedical applications due to their stability and linear phase response. Optimizing adders in FIR filters is crucial to reduce power consumption and enhance efficiency. This project aims to compare the performance...
In recent years, a lot of attention has been directed toward the use of recycled materials in three-dimensional (3D) printing, driven by the need for better plastic waste management and sustainable practices. This study focuses on the development of sustainable post-consumer polypropylene (rPP) filaments for use in fused filament fabrication (FFF). The rPP were produced by blending...
The widespread use of pesticides such as malathion in agriculture poses significant risks to human health, ecosystems, and food safety due to contamination of water, soil, and crops. Conventional methods for detecting pesticide residues are highly accurate but impractical for on-site monitoring due to their high cost, complexity, and time-consuming procedures. This study introduces a portable,...
Microwave hyperthermia (MWH) is an application using mild heat at a temperature range of 40-42°C to treat cancers. The source of local mild heat is emitted from the friction forces of oscillated dipole actions of water molecules in tissues. The local mild heat attracts temperature-sensitive anticancer drugs which allows efficient chemotherapy and reduce side effects. Unfortunately, studies...
A sustainable green synthesis of zeolite from kaolin was cooperated in soil to reduce the leaching effect for environmental sustainability. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cation-binding mineral zeolite on nitrogen leaching, yield, and nitrogen absorption of cherry tomatoes in a pot. There are seven distinct experimental treatments: Control High (CH); Control Standard...
Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Among them, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has garnered the most attention due to its toxigenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties. Researchers worldwide have explored various strategies to mitigate the presence of these hazardous toxins. One of the most cost-effective approaches for reducing AFB1...
The development of polymer-based phase change materials (PCMs) with enhanced thermal performance is essential for advancing thermal energy storage technologies. This study investigates the effect of a ruthenium catalyst on the thermal behavior of polyamide 610 (PA610), focusing on its role in modifying both heat transfer and phase change characteristics. Catalyst-modified PA610 samples were...
Natural dolomite sedimentary rocks, which can be found in abundance in Perlis is a carbonate mineral rich with calcium and magnesium elements. These both elements were important and typically found in bioceramic materials especially for hard tissue implant material. Even though raw Perlis dolomite powder has other various elemental compositions, it lacks important component such as silica...
The correlation between humidity control, measurement, and daily human life is significant. Precise humidity measurement plays a crucial role in various applications, including industrial manufacturing, agricultural output, environmental monitoring, and food safety. This research focuses on the development and evaluation of a fiber optic humidity sensor incorporating rhenium disulfide (ReS₂)...
This study focused on the application of nanoceramic particles to enhance the surface properties of UNS S31803 steel through the deposition of titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles, sized 5 nm and 10 nm, using the tungsten arc melting technique. Despite its advantages, UNS S31803's soft material and low wear resistance are significant challenges for engineering applications, requiring...
This study explores the utilization of nanocellulose derived from durian rind as a reinforcing agent in electrospun nanofibers intended for potential use in livestock semen preservation. Nanocellulose was extracted through alkaline treatment followed by acid hydrolysis and incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions. Two surfactants, Tween 20 and Tween 80, were investigated to assess...
Abstract
Single-step hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was carried out using Pumpkin Seed (PS) biomass (LCMs) where water as green catalyst was used. The sample was placed inside the autoclave reactor at 150 °C and the hydrochar (PSHC) obtained was activated using Na2CO3 where the impact of activation process parameter as well as adsorption process parameters were observed using...
With the increasing demand for high-frequency applications due to congestion in lower frequency bands, the need for high-performance diode detectors has become critical. Achieving fast and efficient high-frequency response requires diodes with strong rectification capability and sharp nonlinearity. These electrical characteristics, particularly the I–V behavior of the device, strongly...
Preservation of semen plays a crucial role in artificial insemination and livestock genetic improvement programs. Traditional cryopreservation techniques have limitations, including ice crystal formation, oxidative stress, and reduced post-thaw viability. As a solution, nanotechnology and electrospinning techniques have been explored to enhance the stability, viability, and motility of...
Rice husk in Malaysia has been treated as agricultural waste for the whole this time. To disposed them, they were usually burnt and this act have caused air pollution to the environment. Few researchers have tried to save the environment by transforming the rice husk into something usefull for example like implementing rice husk into composite panels for furniture. Similar to other organic...
Laminated rubber bearings (LRB) are vital components of most building and bridge structures that support against dynamic loads from various sources. However, the dynamic and non-linear behaviour of rubber deteriorated over time due to environmental heat exposure that induced oxidation inevitably. Plus, failure detection is still a challenge via manual on-site inspection. Recent advancements in...
Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) is a novel technique for network health monitoring, offering numerous advantages such as high precision, multiplexing capabilities, resistance to electromagnetic interference, and excellent repeatability. The FBG sensor integrated into the network has been employed in numerous applications to monitor system and environmental conditions. Any interruption on the system...
The successful establishment of oyster mushroom seeds depends on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). In this study,the sterilization level of media varied from level 1 to 3. For each sterilization level, PDA were steamed at 102 0C for 60 minutes. The best result was found at the third level which was shown by growing of mycelium. All of spread seeds (F1) produced were good and not contaminated. The...
ABSTRACT
This work investigates the effects of geometric and material parameter variations of Gate-All-Around Nanosheet FET (NsFET) on both the device and circuit levels. As device scaling approaches the 5nm domain, conventional technologies like FinFET face significant design challenges due to short channel effects such as leakage current and reduced drain potential barriers. NsFET has a...
This project examines the effect of using glass-waste powder as a reinforcement material in brake pads composite. The specimens were prepared using hot isostatic pressing at 250 0C within 2 hours. Fabrication of brake pad specimens was carried out by varying the volume fraction of glass powder (9.9 %vol – 29.9 %vol). Characterization of material carried out included hardness. wear. density....
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease marked by lipid accumulation and macrophage-driven foam cell formation, remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity. Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), synthesized from oil palm biomass, offer tunable surface chemistries enabling therapeutic modulation of lipid metabolism and immune pathways. This study integrates...
Abstract: This work reports the fabrication and detailed characterization of a graphene-integrated alumina (Al₂O₃) platform for high-performance ionic detection. Monolayer graphene was synthesized via low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) at 1000 °C using methane as a carbon source and transferred onto polished Al₂O₃ substrates using a PMMA-assisted wet-transfer technique. The...
A biosensor is a device that generates signals proportional to the concentra-tion of an analyte, enabling the measurement of biological or chemical reac-tions. The dielectric-modulated tunnel field-effect transistor (DM-TFET)–based biosensor has gained significant attention in recent years due to its low subthreshold swing (SS), rapid detection capability, and low power consumption. It...
Aflatoxin are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus that infested grains especially grain corn. Among the various aflatoxins, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are recognized as highly potent, with its carcinogens to humans and livestock. There were several strategies has been developed to counter the aflatoxin contamination but most of the approaches often comes with limitation. The most...
In this study, niobium (Nb) doped TiO2 nanoparticles, synthesized via the solvothermal method, were utilized to fabricate TiO2 based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), with E. conferta fruit extract serving as the photosensitizer and ethanol used as the solvent. The synthesized metal oxide semiconductor nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FESEM, BET, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The...
Surface acoustic waves (SAW) have been widely utilized for particle manipulation and cell migration due to their high efficiency and non-invasive nature. However, the presence of cell media and PDMS-based confined area can lead to significant insertion loss, which limits their effectiveness in biological applications. In this study, we explored the use of a ZnO nanoparticles to enhance the...
This article presents the synthesis and characterisation of lead free BCZT (Ba₀.₈₅Ca₀.₁₅Ti₀.₉Zr₀.₁O₃) nanopowder produced by the solid-state reaction technique, employing two grinding cycles to enhance crystallinity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) verified that grinding the materials five times yielded a highly crystalline BCZT with a cubic...
Power conversion efficiency (PCE) from naturally-sensitized DSSCs is typically in the average range (<0.05–1.7%) and requires a thorough understanding of the role of pigment’s molecular structure, electronic properties, anchoring groups, and conjugated double bonds or free π-electrons for improved PCE from enhanced carriers transport and decreased recombination. Narrowband absorption and poor...
Implantable Drug Delivery Systems (IDDS) using nanobiotechnologies offer targeted and sustained drug release by delivering therapeutics directly into the body. This study describes the preparation of electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers as sophisticated biomaterials enabled with temozolomide (TMZ), a common anticancer drug used in treating brain tumors, including glioblastoma....
This study addresses the underutilization potential of harvesting mechanical energy from routine human activities, while also addressing environmental and flexibility concerns associated with conventional lead-based piezoelectric materials. With increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly energy solutions, lead-free piezoelectric technologies have emerged as a promising alternative,...
With the increasing demand for higher bandwidth and scalable access networks, the optimization of optical amplification and wavelength management becomes critical. Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) hybrid with Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) has been extensively used in critical high performance in optical communication systems. This paper proposed a huge FTTH WDM PON network with 10...
The present study investigates the influence of varying phosphate and nitrate concentrations on the biomass production and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris. Cultures were grown under different nutrient regimes to assess growth performance, and key biochemical parameters, including protein, carbohydrate, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH radical...
Membrane distillation (MD) represents a promising desalination technology with significant potential to mitigate the global water crisis. The development of membranes with optimal nanomaterial properties is critical for membrane distillation (MD) technology for desalination. In this work, the experiments that were required for the fabrication of the membranes were minimized by introducing a...
The rapid and accurate detection of COVID-19 is critical in managing and controlling the spread of the virus. This study aims to develop a Carbon Quantum Dot (CQD)- based biosensor for the detection of COVID-19 from total RNA extracted from real samples. The main objectives of this research are to test the performance of the CQD-Interdigitated Electrode (IDE) biosensor in terms of sensitivity,...
In this study, a graphitic activated carbon was synthesized using lignocellulosic residue (LCMs)-based on dried Durio zibethinus (Durian leaves-DL) It was used to produce activated carbon (DLAC) using one step physical activation under nitrogen (N2) flow. The synthesized graphitic carbon of DLAC was characterized using a variety of techniques, including field emission scanning electron...
This review objective is to find case of implementable photovoltaics technology for duck farming. To be included, the studies must mention about place of implementation, photovoltaics technology used, photovoltaics implementation, and photovoltaics impacts. The studies does not have to be specifically about duck farming, but the design must be implementable to duck farming. We have included...
Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) are increasingly discovered in aquatic ecosystems, posing ecological and human health problems. Identifying PS-NPs in complex environmental matrices remains difficult due to their small dimension, chemical passiveness, and existence of background interferences. Recent improvements in sensor and biosensor technologies have shown promise for improving the...
Gold nanomaterials (GNs) of different shapes (nanospheres, nanorods, nano stars) and sizes exhibit properties. The surface plasmon resonance of GNs can be tuned by changing their shape and size, which affects the binding efficiency of target antigen and antibody interaction. The shape of GNs can also affect the orientation of attached antibodies and antigens, leading to improved specificity in...
ABSTRACT
Diabetes Mellitus is a growing global health concern due to its rapidly increasing prevalence and high morbidity and mortality rates. This study focuses on examining the impact of silicon nanowire channel width and the number of channels on the performance of silicon nanowires in the early detection of Diabetes Mellitus. To achieve this, silicon nanowire structures with varying...
Formaldehyde (CH₂O), a toxic, colorless, and flammable gas, is widely used in various industries and household products. Prolonged exposure to formaldehyde poses serious health risks, including irritation of the respiratory tract and an increased risk of cancer. Current formaldehyde detection methods often suffer from limitations such as low sensitivity, high cost, and impracticality for broad...
CO₂ corrosion of mild steel constitutes a significant integrity threat within hydrocarbon transport systems, particularly in crude oil and natural gas pipelines. This study comparatively investigates the temperature-dependent corrosion behaviour of mild steel in CO₂-saturated and CO₂-free environments using weight loss test, surface morphology and phase characterisation. Mild steel samples...
The sensing configuration of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) plays a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of monitoring systems. This study presents a comparative analysis between two primary network topologies (serial and parallel) to evaluate their sensitivity towards temperature and strain variations. Simulations were conducted using OptiSystem 21.0 software, modeling three FBG...
Effective grounding is necessary to ensure safe
performance of high-voltage electrical systems. However,
achieving low grounding resistance in high grounding resistance
conditions is a significant challenge. This study identifies the
most effective grounding rod material, determines the optimal
Natural Enhancement Mixture (NEM), and evaluates the
influence of rainwater on grounding...
Polymethyl methacrylate is a widely used polymer valued for its mechanical properties, chemical stability, and ease of fabrication. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of PMMA nanostructures under uniaxial tensile loading using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The objectives include understanding deformation mechanisms, mechanical stability, and tensile response at the...
The reliability of electronic packaging is a critical factor that determines the performance and lifespan of modern electronic devices. This paper investigates the mechanical and thermal performance of solder joints using SAC305, SAC387, and SAC405 alloy compositions, as well as variations in solder joint structural parameters. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted using ANSYS software...
Additive metallization using electroless plating has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional subtractive approaches in semiconductor fabrication, offering advantages such as reduced material waste, lower process complexity, and improved environmental sustainability. However, reliability challenges—including the formation of unintended metallic nodules—continue to hinder its...
