Speaker
Description
Stroke remains one of the leading causes of global mortality and long-term disability, with growing evidence indicating that cerebrovascular injury begins long before the onset of detectable symptoms. Silent brain infarction (SBI), an asymptomatic yet radiologically identifiable form of cerebral ischemia, is recognized as a preclinical stage of stroke that reflects ongoing vascular endothelial dysfunction. Among the molecular mediators implicated in this process, endothelin-1 (ET-1) has attracted considerable interest as a candidate biomarker to monitor vascular injury across the full stroke continuum, from the preclinical and asymptomatic phase through acute ischemic events and post-stroke recovery. This review compile current evidence on the clinical relevance of circulating ET-1 as a important monitoring biomarker in cardiovascular dissease especially stroke. We discuss ET-1 role to cerebrovascular dysfunction, endothelial activation, neuroinflammation, and examine how ET-1 levels have been associated with stroke risk, disease severity and prognosis in acute stroke settings. we also noted that the clinical translation of ET-1 monitoring is constrained by the limitations of currently available detection methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and mass spectrometry-based platforms, which are time-intensive, laboratory-dependent, and is not relevant for point-of-care measurement. Hence, recent advances in electrochemical biosensing as an enabling technology to overcome the limitations of conventional assay, with particular focus on aptamer-based electrochemical platforms, which offer a compelling combination of specificity, sensitivity, ease of use, and rapid response. for developing a dedicated electrochemical aptasensor for ET-1, with potential applications in real-time vascular risk monitoring and stroke management.
