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Description
Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are highly efficient sources of mid-infrared and terahertz radiation, but they require precise numerical modeling to optimize their performance. This study aims to comprehensively model the dynamics of QCLs by analytically deriving the Maxwell-Bloch equations. These coupled nonlinear equations are then discretized using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method to simulate the propagation of electromagnetic fields and the dynamics of charge carriers in the time domain. Simulation results show that the evolution of the electric field (E) toward a steady state is strongly influenced by the pumping ratio parameter. In addition, the stability of the electric field is also significantly influenced by other physical parameters, such as the dephasing time, the upper state lifetime, cavity losses, and the transition dipole matrix elements. This modeling provides an in-depth understanding of the nonlinear dynamics in QCLs and can be used as a reference for experimental design to achieve stable and coherent laser emission.
